Orangutans are frugivorous and play a key role in healthy ecosystem function through seed dispersal over a huge range. If orangutans disappear, so too will certain tree species. Orangutans are threatened by habitat loss and hunting despite legal protection status since 1931 in Indonesia. As forest is increasingly encroached on and converted into agriculture and cultivated, orangutans come into conflict with humans through crop raiding. Often gardens and farms have no forested perimeters, making the boundary between agriculture and forest indistinguishable. When females are killed their babies are taken and sold into the illegal pet trade. Sumatran orangutans are a key focal species for The Sumatran Ranger Project. Together with Sumatran elephants, they form the top two species involved in human-wildlife conflict in our focal communities along the buffer zone of the Leuser Ecosystem.